Myanmar asean pdf

However, two aspects of the consensus-building process deserve notice. The first is the psychological setting of consultations, which must be non-hostile.

A second aspect is the distinction between consensus and unanimity. The former must not be confused with the later. Consensus does not require total agreement by all parties. Rather, it represents a commitment to finding a 'way of moving forward by establishing what seems to have broad support'. Thus, consensus building in the ASEAN way is an attempt to create a common understanding of the problem, without necessarily producing a common approach to problem- solving.

It is about agreeing to disagree rather than allowing disagreements to cloud and undermine the spirit of regionalism. ASEAN can be proud of the success in preventing wars among member countries but more concerted efforts are needed to ensure a better life for their people. ASEAN has been hailed as a catalyst to regional economic cooperation and neutralized geopolitical tensions by organizing the annual conference of Asia-Pacific security forum, which also involved world forces countries.

Without ASEAN, the regional bloc would still be a backward country like the s, which is too dependent on bilateral agreements, according to an analyst of the Faculty of International Studies in Singapore, Hiro Katsumata. The basic concept and was published in the Kuala Lumpur Declaration on the 27th. November, Factors and events that are: I Southeast Asia's quite strategic to the super power in the context of East-West political tensions; political upheaval in Vietnam and the withdrawal of the decision of British troops from Southeast Asia and the United States from Vietnam in the early 70s.

These developments have raised suspicions among ASEAN countries, because it might affect regional stability. As being reported, the 10 member states were in possibility to buy vaccines in bulk to address the inadequacy of affordable medicines in the region. During the conference, stakeholders and advocates gathered to discuss comprehensive solutions for the introduction of new vaccines and programs to eradicate illnesses.

Human Rights Report shows that every Southeast Asian state has a blemished human rights record. While for the victims, each case of abuse is special, it is only due to cases of gross and systematic patterns of denial of rights as government policy that human rights concerns become issues in the way governments treat one another in their international relations.

While human rights NGOs and advocacy groups may become energized by their agendas, governments prioritize their policy attention and deployment of political and economic capabilities in terms of per- captions of national interest. The exception is Myanmar. Their history traces back to the early seventh century, when Arab Muslim traders settled in the area.

Therefore, it is also recognized that they are physically, linguistically and culturally similar to South Asians, especially Bengali people. Ironically, the Rohingya people rarely draw attention of the local and global architects as a Muslim minority in Myanmar as one of the most marginalized refugee communities in South and Southeast Asia.

Apparently, the vast majority of them have been denied Myanmar citizenship. A new wave of an estimated , Rohingya fled to the country in Human rights activists say that the Rohingyas have been abused and exploited, forcing many to flee abroad, mainly across the border to Bangladesh.

Upon the denial of citizenship following the military takeover of the country in , the Rohingya were subject to widespread persecution in their native Myanmar. Such a situation compelled them traveling far and wide over the past five decades who desperately kept seeking refuge and a better life.

They are stateless, without a legal nationality, and many of them have been forced to migrate to Bangladesh, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia.

Initially, Myanmar took no responsibility or action to prevent the outflow. When Thailand instituted a crackdown on traffickers and pushed the Rohingya back to sea, they fled further south to Malaysia and Indonesia or were left stranded on their boats.

The reaction by Southeast Asian states provoked an international outcry. The reason that ASEAN did not take any response about human right issues is the doctrine of non- interference in the internal affairs of member states.

This injunction was intended to apply not only to interference by extra-regional powers, including the major powers such as the USA, Soviet Union and China, but also by Southeast Asian countries in the affairs of their own neighbours. South China Sea Dispute: One of most important issues at present time is south china sea dispute. The dispute in the south china sea is an intractable issues or wicked problem, having developed for decades.

In addition, the Pratas Islands in the northeast, occupied by Taiwan, but claimed by China. In January when China conducted three test flights by civilian passenger aircraft. In mid-year China began building a second airstrip on Subi, while in September China commenced preparatory work for a third runway on Mischief Reef.

As a result, every member states look at their national interest rather that collective interest for organization. For example, in , ASEAN and China agreed to sign a declaration of Conduct that promised to enhance favourable conditions for peace and find a durable solution to the differences and disputes among the countries concerned.

However, china has sincere responded in different ways in dealing with each disputant country which indicates it has shifted away from collective a ASEAN position, highlighting the ineffectiveness of the declaration. Migrant labour issue: In Southeast Asia, only the Philippines, a major labour exporting country, has ratified the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Children.

However, until migrant protection is institutionalized in an ASEAN setting like the Socio-Cultural Community, the framework for real protection will be based on national policies and bilateral diplomacy between labour-exporting and labour importing countries. The first is a diplomatic strategy based on consultation and consensus, in which diplomatic officials initially engage in informal discussions to later facilitate a consensus-based decision at official meetings This process enables member states to determine areas of agreement and compartmentalize contentious issues, so that disputes do not delay entire agreements.

Accordingly, ASEAN will adopt only policies to which all member states agree, either because the policy itself has been modified, or member state positions have converged. As a result, ASEAN generally sets aside controversial issues, and its institutions have developed incrementally. In recent years, the principle of non-interference has been invoked by instruments of regional Integration, as well as by the member states themselves, in order to assert the primacy of domestic interests above regional interests.

They must rely on the strength of interpersonal relationships to enforce any agreements. Standing in contrast to relations-based governance is rules based governance, which utilizes formal institutions. Actors in rules-based systems engage in traditional negotiations, adhere to binding norms, and resolve disputes through formalized processes. Obligation is the degree to which actors are bound by particular rules. President Joe Biden and the leaders of China and Russia. On Monday, a senior U. The United Nations on Monday appointed former U.

It was the first time since that a U. Biden called the U. The new funding will include money for health spending, a new climate initiative, programs to assist with the economic recovery from the coronavirus pandemic and education programs. Gomez reported from Manila. We'll notify you here with news about. Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? Comments 0. Top Stories.