Backache causes pdf

If you have had lower back pain, you are not alone. Back pain is one of most common reasons people see a doctor or miss days at work. Even school-age children can have back pain. Back pain can range in intensity from a dull, constant ache to a sudden, sharp or shooting pain. It can begin suddenly as a result of an accident or by lifting something heavy, or it can develop over time as we age. Getting too little exercise followed by a strenuous workout also can cause back pain.

The lower back—where most back pain occurs—includes the five vertebrae referred to as L1-L5 in the lumbar region, which supports much of the weight of the upper body. The spaces between the vertebrae are maintained by round, rubbery pads called intervertebral discs that act like shock absorbers throughout the spinal column to cushion the bones as the body moves. Bands of tissue known as ligaments hold the vertebrae in place, and tendons attach the muscles to the spinal column.

Thirty-one pairs of nerves are rooted to the spinal cord and they control body movements and transmit signals from the body to the brain.

Other regions of vertebrate are cervical in the neck , thoracic upper back , and sacral and coccygeal below the lumbar area segments. Most acute low back pain is mechanical in nature, meaning that there is a disruption in the way the components of the back the spine, muscle, intervertebral discs, and nerves fit together and move.

Some examples of mechanical causes of low back pain include:. Age: The first attack of low back pain typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 50, and back pain becomes more common with advancing age. Loss of bone strength from osteoporosis can lead to fractures, and at the same time, muscle elasticity and tone decrease.

The intervertebral discs begin to lose fluid and flexibility with age, which decreases their ability to cushion the vertebrae. The risk of spinal stenosis also increases with age. Fitness level: Back pain is more common among people who are not physically fit.

Weak back and abdominal muscles may not properly support the spine. Studies show that low-impact aerobic exercise can help maintain the integrity of intervertebral discs. Weight gain: Being overweight, obese, or quickly gaining significant amounts of weight can put stress on the back and lead to low back pain. Genetics: Some causes of back pain, such as ankylosing spondylitis a form of arthritis that involves fusion of the spinal joints leading to some immobility of the spine , have a genetic component.

Job-related factors: Having a job that requires heavy lifting, pushing, or pulling, particularly when it involves twisting or vibrating the spine, can lead to injury and back pain.

Working at a desk all day can contribute to pain, especially from poor posture or sitting in a chair with not enough back support. Mental health: Anxiety and depression can influence how closely one focuses on their pain as well as their perception of its severity. Pain that becomes chronic also can contribute to the development of such psychological factors.

Stress can affect the body in numerous ways, including causing muscle tension. Smoking: It can restrict blood flow and oxygen to the discs, causing them to degenerate faster. Backpack overload in children: A backpack overloaded with schoolbooks and supplies can strain the back and cause muscle fatigue.

Psychological factors: Mood and depression, stress, and psychological well-being also can influence the likelihood of experiencing back pain. In addition, the pain may radiate down your leg or worsen with bending, twisting, lifting, standing or walking. Most back pain gradually improves with home treatment and self-care, usually within a few weeks. Contact your doctor if your back pain:.

In rare cases, back pain can signal a serious medical problem. Seek immediate care if your back pain:. Back pain often develops without a cause that your doctor can identify with a test or an imaging study. Conditions commonly linked to back pain include:. Anyone can develop back pain, even children and teens. These factors might put you at greater risk of developing back pain:. You might avoid back pain or prevent its recurrence by improving your physical condition and learning and practicing proper body mechanics.

Because back pain is so common, numerous products promise prevention or relief. But there's no definitive evidence that special shoes, shoe inserts, back supports, specially designed furniture or stress management programs can help. In addition, there doesn't appear to be one type of mattress that's best for people with back pain.

It's probably a matter of what feels most comfortable to you. Our patients tell us that the quality of their interactions, our attention to detail and the efficiency of their visits mean health care like they've never experienced.

See the stories of satisfied Mayo Clinic patients. Doris Jessesski tried a host of treatments to ease her chronic back pain, but nothing worked. Then a Mayo Clinic Pain Medicine specialist recommended a new type of spinal cord stimulator. That did the trick.

Today, Doris' debilitating back pain is gone. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press.

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SPINE — Download references. We would like to thank Ms. Samantha Johnson, academic librarian at University of Warwick, for her assistance with the electronic database searches. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. AV and CE made substantial contributions to the acquisition of data. Correspondence to Arani Vivekanantham.

He has received travel expenses for speaking at conferences from the professional organisations hosting the conferences. He is a director and shareholder of Clinvivo Ltd. He is part of an academic partnership with Serco Ltd.

He is a co-investigator on a study receiving support in kind from Orthospace Ltd. He is an editor of the NIHR journal series for which he receives a fee. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and Permissions. Vivekanantham, A. The association between headache and low back pain: a systematic review.

J Headache Pain 20, 82 Download citation. Received : 08 May Accepted : 05 July Published : 15 July Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background To systematically review studies quantifying the association between primary chronic headaches and persistent low back pain LBP.

Main text We searched five electronic databases. Conclusions We identified a positive association between persistent LBP and primary headache disorders. Introduction Low back pain and headache are leading causes of disability worldwide [ 1 , 2 ].